Modern India
The Permanent Settlement of 1793
Modern India
Modern India
Modern India
Kerala: From Caste Citadel to Progressive Beacon
How a society built on caste oppression became India's leader in human development, and the two centuries of reform that made it possible.
Latest articles
Browse the libraryGeneral
General
Persia vs Iran: What Changed in 1935?
One of the world's oldest civilisations survived conquest, empire, colonial intrigue and revolution to reach the name and nation we know today.
Culture
Culture
The History of Sabarimala: From Tribal Shrine to Modern Pilgrimage Centre
A historical study based on scholarly research, archaeological data, legal records and primary sources.
UPSC
UPSC
French in India (1664-1954)
Among the European powers, the French posed the most serious challenge to English supremacy in India.
UPSC
UPSC
Danish in India (1620-1845)
The smallest European presence in India, a limited enterprise built around the textile trade.
UPSC
UPSC
Dutch in India (1602-1825)
The VOC held Pulicat, Cochin and Chinsura as trading centres but never contested for political power.
UPSC
UPSC
Portuguese in India: First to Arrive, Last to Leave
First Europeans to reach India at the end of the 15th century, they took control of the key maritime trade routes.
European powers in India
All UPSC notesExam-ready accounts of the Portuguese, Dutch, Danish and French companies, each written as a clear history.
French in India (1664-1954)
Among the European powers, the French posed the most serious challenge to English supremacy in India.
Danish in India (1620-1845)
The smallest European presence in India, a limited enterprise built around the textile trade.
Dutch in India (1602-1825)
The VOC held Pulicat, Cochin and Chinsura as trading centres but never contested for political power.
Portuguese in India: First to Arrive, Last to Leave
First Europeans to reach India at the end of the 15th century, they took control of the key maritime trade routes.
Reformers and dissenters
All social reformersAruna Asaf Ali: The Grand Old Lady of Indian Independence
Born in Kalka in 1909, she became one of the most courageous women freedom fighters in India's history.
Sudharak: India's First Dalit Voice and the Birth of Anti-Caste Journalism
A critical analysis of Gopal Baba Walangkar's periodical, begun in 1888 when most Dalits had no public voice.
The Brahmo Samaj: A Critical Reexamination
Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the first modern socio-religious reform movement in India, reconsidered.