Theme

Society and Reform

3 articles

The Pagal Panthi Revolt (1825-1835): When Faith Became a Weapon of the Oppressed

In the early nineteenth century, the northern districts of Bengal witnessed a remarkable fusion of spiritual devotion and social rebellion. The Pagal Panthi Revolt of 1825-1835 stands as one of the most significant peasant uprisings against colonial oppression and feudal exploitation in British India. Led by charismatic leaders who combined religious authority with political vision, this movement represented the desperate struggle of marginalised tribal communities fighting for dignity, justice,

31 December 2025

Modern World

Sudharak: India’s First Dalit Voice and the Birth of Anti-Caste Journalism

In 1888, at a time when the vast majority of Dalits in India were denied basic literacy and their voices systematically erased from public discourse, a remarkable man named Gopal Baba Walangkar did something unprecedented. He founded Sudharak (सुधारक), meaning “The Reformer”—India’s first newspaper published by and for the Dalit community. This wasn’t merely the launch of another periodical; it was an act of profound defiance against one of history’s most entrenched systems of oppression.

29 December 2025

Modern World

The Brahmo Samaj: A Critical Reexamination of India’s First Modern Reform Movement

The Brahmo Samaj stands as one of the most significant socio-religious reform movements in modern Indian history. Founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta, it represented the first systematic attempt to reconcile Hindu tradition with Western rationalism and create a reformed religious framework for colonial India. Yet, nearly two centuries later, a critical assessment reveals a movement marked by profound contradictions—one that challenged orthodoxy while reinforcing certain hierarchies

28 December 2025